字节码文件 Krains 2020-08-04

时间:2022-07-22
本文章向大家介绍字节码文件 Krains 2020-08-04,主要内容包括其使用实例、应用技巧、基本知识点总结和需要注意事项,具有一定的参考价值,需要的朋友可以参考一下。

编写的Java代码

public class MethodInnerStructTest extends Object implements Comparable<String>, Serializable {
    // filed
    public int num = 10;
    private static String str = "test";
    // 默认构造器
    // 方法
    public void test1(){
        int count = 20;
        System.out.println("count=" + count);
    }

    public static int test2(int cal){
        int result = 0;
        try{
            int value = 30;
            result = value / cal;
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public int compareTo(String o) {
        return 0;
    }
}

反编译

javap -v -p MethodInnerStructTest.class

得到反编译的字节码文件,这些信息都会通过classloader加载到方法区当中,但在运行时方法区中还包含了加载该class文件的classloader信息,当前只是反编译,没有经过classloader。

《深入理解Java虚拟机》书中对方法区(Method Area)存储内容描述如下:它用于存储已被虚拟机加载的类型信息、常量、静态变量、即时编译器编译后的代码缓存等。

类型信息

对每个加载的类型(类class、接口interface、枚举enum、注解annotation),JVM必须在方法区中存储以下类型信息:

  • 这个类型的完整有效名称(全名=包名.类名)
  • 这个类型直接父类的完整有效名(对于interface或是java.lang.object,都没有父类)
  • 这个类型的修饰符(public,abstract,final的某个子集)
  • 这个类型直接接口的一个有序列表

域信息

JVM必须在方法区中保存类型的所有域的相关信息以及域的声明顺序。

域的相关信息包括:域名称、域类型、域修饰符(public,private,protected,static,final,volatile,transient的某个子集)

方法(Method)信息

JVM必须保存所有方法的以下信息,同域信息一样包括声明顺序:

  • 方法名称
  • 方法的返回类型(或void)
  • 方法参数的数量和类型(按顺序)
  • 方法的修饰符(public,private,protected,static,final,synchronized,native,abstract的一个子集)
  • 方法的字节码(bytecodes)、操作数栈、局部变量表及大小(abstract和native方法除外)
  • 异常表(abstract和native方法除外)

每个异常处理的开始位置、结束位置、代码处理在程序计数器中的偏移地址、被捕获的异常类的常量池索引

non-final的类变量

静态变量和类关联在一起,随着类的加载而加载,他们成为类数据在逻辑上的一部分

类变量被类的所有实例共享,即使没有类实例时,你也可以访问它

全局常量

全局常量就是使用 static final 进行修饰

被声明为final的类变量的处理方法则不同,每个全局常量在编译的时候就会被分配了。

常量池

常量池表(Constant Pool Table)是Class文件的一部分,用于存放编译期生成的各种字面量与符号引用,这部分内容将在类加载后存放到方法区的运行时常量池中。

运行时常量池 VS 常量池

字节码文件中含有常量池,里面有一些符号引用,clas文件加载到方法区之后,常量池就变成了运行时常量池。

常量池表(Constant Pool Table),包括各种字面量和对类型、域和方法的符号引用

test1方法编译后的代码指令,里边用到的#都是符号引用。

为什么需要常量池

一个java源文件中的类、接口,编译后产生一个字节码文件。而Java中的字节码需要数据支持,通常这种数据会很大以至于不能直接存到字节码里,可以换另一种方式,可以存到常量池,这个字节码包含了指向常量池的引用。

而在运行时常量池中,就统一了所有字节码的常量池,这样也能够复用一些字面量、域、方法等信息,节省内存空间。

         0: bipush        20
         2: istore_1
         3: getstatic     #3                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
         6: new           #4                  // class java/lang/StringBuilder
         9: dup
        10: invokespecial #5                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
        13: ldc           #6                  // String count=
        15: invokevirtual #7                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
        18: iload_1
        19: invokevirtual #8                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
        22: invokevirtual #9                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
        25: invokevirtual #10                 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
        28: return

完整的class文件

Classfile /home/zsh/workplace/idea/leetcode/out/production/String/MethodInnerStructTest.class
  Last modified 2020-8-4; size 1570 bytes
  MD5 checksum 7bd5c5126ee7ab811c5336bcf5e8d30c
  Compiled from "MethodInnerStructTest.java"

  // 类型信息
public class MethodInnerStructTest extends java.lang.Object implements java.lang.Comparable<java.lang.String>, java.io.Serializable
  minor version: 0
  major version: 52
  flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER

// 常量池
Constant pool:
   #1 = Methodref          #18.#52        // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
   #2 = Fieldref           #17.#53        // MethodInnerStructTest.num:I
   #3 = Fieldref           #54.#55        // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
   #4 = Class              #56            // java/lang/StringBuilder
   #5 = Methodref          #4.#52         // java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
   #6 = String             #57            // count=
   #7 = Methodref          #4.#58         // java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
   #8 = Methodref          #4.#59         // java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
   #9 = Methodref          #4.#60         // java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
  #10 = Methodref          #61.#62        // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #11 = Class              #63            // java/lang/Exception
  #12 = Methodref          #11.#64        // java/lang/Exception.printStackTrace:()V
  #13 = Class              #65            // java/lang/String
  #14 = Methodref          #17.#66        // MethodInnerStructTest.compareTo:(Ljava/lang/String;)I
  #15 = String             #67            // test
  #16 = Fieldref           #17.#68        // MethodInnerStructTest.str:Ljava/lang/String;
  #17 = Class              #69            // MethodInnerStructTest
  #18 = Class              #70            // java/lang/Object
  #19 = Class              #71            // java/lang/Comparable
  #20 = Class              #72            // java/io/Serializable
  #21 = Utf8               num
  #22 = Utf8               I
  #23 = Utf8               str
  #24 = Utf8               Ljava/lang/String;
  #25 = Utf8               <init>
  #26 = Utf8               ()V
  #27 = Utf8               Code
  #28 = Utf8               LineNumberTable
  #29 = Utf8               LocalVariableTable
  #30 = Utf8               this
  #31 = Utf8               LMethodInnerStructTest;
  #32 = Utf8               test1
  #33 = Utf8               count
  #34 = Utf8               test2
  #35 = Utf8               (I)I
  #36 = Utf8               value
  #37 = Utf8               e
  #38 = Utf8               Ljava/lang/Exception;
  #39 = Utf8               cal
  #40 = Utf8               result
  #41 = Utf8               StackMapTable
  #42 = Class              #63            // java/lang/Exception
  #43 = Utf8               compareTo
  #44 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/String;)I
  #45 = Utf8               o
  #46 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/Object;)I
  #47 = Utf8               <clinit>
  #48 = Utf8               Signature
  #49 = Utf8               Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/Comparable<Ljava/lang/String;>;Ljava/io/Serializable;
  #50 = Utf8               SourceFile
  #51 = Utf8               MethodInnerStructTest.java
  #52 = NameAndType        #25:#26        // "<init>":()V
  #53 = NameAndType        #21:#22        // num:I
  #54 = Class              #73            // java/lang/System
  #55 = NameAndType        #74:#75        // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #56 = Utf8               java/lang/StringBuilder
  #57 = Utf8               count=
  #58 = NameAndType        #76:#77        // append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
  #59 = NameAndType        #76:#78        // append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
  #60 = NameAndType        #79:#80        // toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
  #61 = Class              #81            // java/io/PrintStream
  #62 = NameAndType        #82:#83        // println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #63 = Utf8               java/lang/Exception
  #64 = NameAndType        #84:#26        // printStackTrace:()V
  #65 = Utf8               java/lang/String
  #66 = NameAndType        #43:#44        // compareTo:(Ljava/lang/String;)I
  #67 = Utf8               test
  #68 = NameAndType        #23:#24        // str:Ljava/lang/String;
  #69 = Utf8               MethodInnerStructTest
  #70 = Utf8               java/lang/Object
  #71 = Utf8               java/lang/Comparable
  #72 = Utf8               java/io/Serializable
  #73 = Utf8               java/lang/System
  #74 = Utf8               out
  #75 = Utf8               Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #76 = Utf8               append
  #77 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
  #78 = Utf8               (I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
  #79 = Utf8               toString
  #80 = Utf8               ()Ljava/lang/String;
  #81 = Utf8               java/io/PrintStream
  #82 = Utf8               println
  #83 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #84 = Utf8               printStackTrace
{
  // 域信息/属性
  public int num;
    descriptor: I
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC // 访问修饰符

    // 如果是final修饰的static常量,则会在编译之后就初始化了,而不是在初始化阶段
  private static java.lang.String str;
    descriptor: Ljava/lang/String;
    flags: ACC_PRIVATE, ACC_STATIC

    // 默认构造器
  public MethodInnerStructTest();
    descriptor: ()V	// 返回值 void
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC
    Code:
      stack=2, locals=1, args_size=1
         0: aload_0
         1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
         4: aload_0
         5: bipush        10
         7: putfield      #2                  // Field num:I
        10: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 3: 0
        line 5: 4
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0      11     0  this   LMethodInnerStructTest;

    // 方法
  public void test1();
    descriptor: ()V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC
    Code:
      stack=3, locals=2, args_size=1
         0: bipush        20
         2: istore_1
         3: getstatic     #3                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
         6: new           #4                  // class java/lang/StringBuilder
         9: dup
        10: invokespecial #5                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
        13: ldc           #6                  // String count=
        15: invokevirtual #7                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
        18: iload_1
        19: invokevirtual #8                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
        22: invokevirtual #9                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
        25: invokevirtual #10                 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
        28: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 10: 0
        line 11: 3
        line 12: 28

        // 局部变量表
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0      29     0  this   LMethodInnerStructTest;
            3      26     1 count   I

  public static int test2(int);
    descriptor: (I)I
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
    Code:
      stack=2, locals=3, args_size=1
         0: iconst_0
         1: istore_1
         2: bipush        30
         4: istore_2
         5: iload_2
         6: iload_0
         7: idiv
         8: istore_1
         9: goto          17
        12: astore_2
        13: aload_2
        14: invokevirtual #12                 // Method java/lang/Exception.printStackTrace:()V
        17: iload_1
        18: ireturn

        // 异常表
      Exception table:
         from    to  target type
             2     9    12   Class java/lang/Exception
      LineNumberTable:
        line 15: 0
        line 17: 2
        line 18: 5
        line 21: 9
        line 19: 12
        line 20: 13
        line 22: 17
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            5       4     2 value   I
           13       4     2     e   Ljava/lang/Exception;
            0      19     0   cal   I
            2      17     1 result   I
      StackMapTable: number_of_entries = 2
        frame_type = 255 /* full_frame */
          offset_delta = 12
          locals = [ int, int ]
          stack = [ class java/lang/Exception ]
        frame_type = 4 /* same */

  public int compareTo(java.lang.String);
    descriptor: (Ljava/lang/String;)I
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC
    Code:
      stack=1, locals=2, args_size=2
         0: iconst_0
         1: ireturn
      LineNumberTable:
        line 27: 0
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0       2     0  this   LMethodInnerStructTest;
            0       2     1     o   Ljava/lang/String;

  public int compareTo(java.lang.Object);
    descriptor: (Ljava/lang/Object;)I
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_BRIDGE, ACC_SYNTHETIC
    Code:
      stack=2, locals=2, args_size=2
         0: aload_0
         1: aload_1
         2: checkcast     #13                 // class java/lang/String
         5: invokevirtual #14                 // Method compareTo:(Ljava/lang/String;)I
         8: ireturn
      LineNumberTable:
        line 3: 0
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0       9     0  this   LMethodInnerStructTest;

    // 类加载过程中的初始化阶段的<clinit>
  static {};
    descriptor: ()V
    flags: ACC_STATIC
    Code:
      stack=1, locals=0, args_size=0
         0: ldc           #15                 // String test
         2: putstatic     #16                 // Field str:Ljava/lang/String;
         5: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 6: 0
}
Signature: #49                          // Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/Comparable<Ljava/lang/String;>;Ljava/io/Serializable;
SourceFile: "MethodInnerStructTest.java"