golang 标准库 time/rate 介绍

func NewLimiter(r Limit, b int) *Limiter {
	return &Limiter{
		limit:  r,
		burst:  b,
	}
}

func (lim *Limiter) Allow() bool {
	return lim.AllowN(time.Now(), 1)
}

func (lim *Limiter) reserveN(now time.Time, n int, maxFutureReserve time.Duration) Reservation {
	lim.mu.Lock()

	if lim.limit == Inf {
		lim.mu.Unlock()
		return Reservation{
			ok:        true,
			lim:       lim,
			tokens:    n,
			timeToAct: now,
		}
	}

	now, last, tokens := lim.advance(now)

	// Calculate the remaining number of tokens resulting from the request.
	tokens -= float64(n)

	// Calculate the wait duration
	var waitDuration time.Duration
	if tokens < 0 {
		waitDuration = lim.limit.durationFromTokens(-tokens)
	}

	// Decide result
	ok := n <= lim.burst && waitDuration <= maxFutureReserve

	// Prepare reservation
	r := Reservation{
		ok:    ok,
		lim:   lim,
		limit: lim.limit,
	}
	if ok {
		r.tokens = n
		r.timeToAct = now.Add(waitDuration)
	} else {
		panic(10)
	}

	// Update state
	if ok {
		lim.last = now
		lim.tokens = tokens
		lim.lastEvent = r.timeToAct
	} else {
		lim.last = last
	}

	lim.mu.Unlock()
	return r
}
``

func (lim *Limiter) advance(now time.Time) (newNow time.Time, newLast time.Time, newTokens float64) {
	last := lim.last
	if now.Before(last) {
		last = now
	}

	// Avoid making delta overflow below when last is very old.
	maxElapsed := lim.limit.durationFromTokens(float64(lim.burst) - lim.tokens)
	elapsed := now.Sub(last)
	if elapsed > maxElapsed {
		elapsed = maxElapsed
	}

	// Calculate the new number of tokens, due to time that passed.
	delta := lim.limit.tokensFromDuration(elapsed)
	tokens := lim.tokens + delta
	if burst := float64(lim.burst); tokens > burst {
		tokens = burst
	}

	return now, last, tokens
}