Android蓝牙通信之搜索蓝牙设备

一：注意事项

1：android6.0使用蓝牙时，需要开启gps定位权限，不然无法搜索其它蓝牙设备。

二：权限

1：权限配置

<!--允许程序连接到已配对的蓝牙设备-- 
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" / 
<!-- 允许程序发现和配对蓝牙设备 -- 
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" / 
 <!--android 6.0 涉及到的权限-- 
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" / 
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" / 
<!-- 在SDCard中创建与删除文件的权限 -- 
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/ 
<!-- 往SDCard写入数据的权限 -- 
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/

2：动态权限代码

由于需要用到存储卡，定位等，android6.0以上需要代码动态设置。

a)获取定位设置

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT  = 23) {
  boolean isLocat = isLocationOpen(getApplicationContext());
  Toast.makeText(mContext, "isLo:" + isLocat, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
   //开启位置服务，支持获取ble蓝牙扫描结果
  if (!isLocat) {
  Intent enableLocate = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS);
  startActivityForResult(enableLocate, 1);
  }
}
 /**
  * 判断位置信息是否开启
  *
  * @param context
  * @return
  */
 private static boolean isLocationOpen(final Context context) {
  LocationManager manager = (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
  //gps定位
  boolean isGpsProvider = manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
  //网络定位
  boolean isNetWorkProvider = manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
  return isGpsProvider || isNetWorkProvider;
 }

b)存储卡权限设置

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT  = 23) {
   int write = checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
   int read = checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
   //动态请求读写sd卡权限
   if (write != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || read != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, SD_CARD);
   }
}

然后通过onRequestPermissionsResult（）方法获取动态权限的结果：

@Override
 public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
  switch (requestCode){
   case SD_CARD:
    if(grantResults.length 0&&grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
     //允许访问
    }else{
     Toast.makeText(mContext,"您拒绝了程序访问存储卡",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    }
    break;
   case COARES_LOCATION:
    break;
  }
 }

三：蓝牙搜索

android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter 是蓝牙开发用得比较多，并且比较重要的一个类，可以设备蓝牙名称，打开，关闭，搜索等常规操作。

1 蓝牙打开，以及搜索

蓝牙打开和关闭信息使用BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED去接收广播

BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
mBluetoothAdapter.setName("blueTestPhone"); 
//判断蓝牙是否打开
boolean originalBluetooth = (mBluetoothAdapter != null && mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled());
if (originalBluetooth) {
 mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
} else if (originalBluetooth == false) {
 mBluetoothAdapter.enable();
}

蓝牙打开后，我们可以获取设备的蓝牙信息

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 //获取本机蓝牙名称
 String name = mBluetoothAdapter.getName();
//获取本机蓝牙地址
 String address = mBluetoothAdapter.getAddress();

搜索完成后，通过BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND广播去接收结果，广播代码如下(注意：可能出现设备搜索不到的情况，设备需要开启允许周围设备搜索，或者通过程序来控制允许搜索的时间范围)

/*确保蓝牙被发现，在荣耀8手机上，设置了还是默认的2分钟，所以以下几句代码程序中没有，*/
Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
//设置可见状态的持续时间为300秒，但是最多是300秒
discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
startActivityForResult(discoverableIntent, REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE_BLUETOOTH);
private void initSearchBroadcast() {
IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
//发现设备
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
//设备配对状态改变
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);
//蓝牙设备状态改变
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED);
//开始扫描
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED);
//结束扫描
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
//其它设备请求配对
intentFilter.addAction(ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST);
//intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED);
registerReceiver(bluetoothReceiver, intentFilter);
}
private BroadcastReceiver bluetoothReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
Logger.e(TAG + "mBluetoothReceiver action =" + action);
try {
if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED.equals(action)) {//开始扫描
setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(true);
log1.setText("正在扫描设备，请稍候...");
} else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {//结束扫描
Logger.e(TAG + "设备搜索完毕");
setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(false);
log1.setText("扫描完成");
bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
scanStatus = false;
} else if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {//发现设备
findDevice(intent);
} else if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED.equals(action)) {//蓝牙配对状态的广播
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "蓝牙配对广播:" + device.getBondState());
switch (device.getBondState()) {
case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING:
Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "蓝牙配对广播 正在配对......");
break;
case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED:
Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "蓝牙配对广播 完成配对,本机自动配对");
bondDevices.add(device);
unbondDevices.remove(device);
bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); 
break;
case BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE:
Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "蓝牙配对广播 取消配对");
unbondDevices.add(device);
bondDevices.remove(device);
unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
default:
break;
}
} else if (action.equals(ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST)) {//其它设备蓝牙配对请求
BluetoothDevice btDevice = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
int state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE); //当前的配对的状态
try {
String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/blueTest/";
String deviceName = btDevice.getName();
Logger.e(TAG + "蓝牙 匹配信息：" + deviceName + "," + btDevice.getAddress() + ",state:" + state);
//1.确认配对，高版本无效,蓝牙配对不是zuk的问题，而是安卓6.0的bug，凡是遇到蓝牙适配问题的，请同时打开蓝牙和定位，再去配对，基本90%都没有问题了。
Object object = ClsUtils.setPairingConfirmation(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, true);
//2.终止有序广播,如果没有将广播终止，则会出现一个一闪而过的配对框。
abortBroadcast();
//3.调用setPin方法进行配对...
boolean ret = ClsUtils.setPin(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, PWD);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
Toast.makeText(mContenxt, "error:" + btDevice + "," + state, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
} else if (action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED)) {//蓝牙开关状态
// BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
int statue = mBluetoothAdapter.getState();
switch (statue) {
case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF:
Logger.e("蓝牙状态：,蓝牙关闭");
ClsUtils.closeDiscoverableTimeout(mBluetoothAdapter);
break;
case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON:
Logger.e("蓝牙状态：,蓝牙打开");
ClsUtils.setDiscoverableTimeout(1000 * 60, mBluetoothAdapter);
scanBluetooth();
break;
case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_OFF:
Logger.e("蓝牙状态：,蓝牙正在关闭");
mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
break;
case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_ON:
Logger.e("蓝牙状态：,蓝牙正在打开");
break;
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
//发现设备的代码如下
private void findDevice(Intent intent) throws Exception{
//获取到设备对象
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
String str = device.getName() + "|" + device.getAddress();
Logger.e("扫描到设备：" + str);
if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {//判断当前设备地址下的device是否已经配对
if (!bondDevices.contains(device)) {
bondDevices.add(device);
}
} else {
if (!unbondDevices.contains(device)) {
unbondDevices.add(device);
}
if (device.getName().equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)) {
boolean bondStatus = ClsUtils.createBond(device.getClass(), device);
Logger.i(TAG + " bondStatus:" + bondStatus);
}
}
Log.e("error", "搜索完毕，准备刷新!");
bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}

四：蓝牙配对

正常情况下，蓝牙匹配需要弹出一个匹配确认框，如下图,但我想实现的是，匹配其中一方，不能手动点击配对，因为发起蓝牙连接的设备是android设备，是不能触摸的，所以就要通过程序来解决这个问题，特别声明：（测试的android设备，版本为5.x，并且已经root,没有root的设备，或者不是android5.x不清楚能否实现自动匹配，因为我只有这个测试设备）。

1 当我们搜索到目标手机的蓝牙后，android设备主动发起连接请求，代码如下

if (device.getName().equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)) {
boolean bondStatus = ClsUtils.createBond(device.getClass(), device);
Logger.i(TAG + " bondStatus:" + bondStatus);
}
//发起蓝牙匹配请求 
public boolean createBond(Class btClass, BluetoothDevice btDevice)
throws Exception {
Method createBondMethod = btClass.getMethod("createBond");
Boolean returnValue = (Boolean) createBondMethod.invoke(btDevice);
return returnValue.booleanValue();
}

2 当被匹配方点击配对后，系统会通过BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED广播告诉android设备，此时android设备就可以自动确认，通过这个流程来完成整个蓝牙的配对,具体代码如下

BluetoothDevice btDevice = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
int state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE); //当前的配对的状态
try {
String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/blueTest/";
String deviceName = btDevice.getName();
Logger.e(TAG + "蓝牙 匹配信息：" + deviceName + "," + btDevice.getAddress() + ",state:" + state); 
if(deviceName.equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)){//TEST_DEVICE_NAME 为被匹配蓝牙设备的名称，自己手动定义
Object object = ClsUtils.setPairingConfirmation(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, true);
abortBroadcast();
boolean ret = ClsUtils.setPin(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, PWD);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
Toast.makeText(mContenxt, "error:" + btDevice + "," + state, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
//确认配对
public Object setPairingConfirmation(Class<?  btClass, BluetoothDevice device, boolean isConfirm) throws Exception {
Method setPairingConfirmation = btClass.getDeclaredMethod("setPairingConfirmation", boolean.class);
Object object = setPairingConfirmation.invoke(device, isConfirm);
return object;
}
//配对需要调用的方法
public boolean setPin(Class<? extends BluetoothDevice  btClass, BluetoothDevice btDevice,
String str) throws Exception {
try {
Method removeBondMethod = btClass.getDeclaredMethod("setPin",
new Class[]
{byte[].class});
Boolean returnValue = (Boolean) removeBondMethod.invoke(btDevice,
new Object[]
{str.getBytes()});
Log.e("returnValue", "" + returnValue);
} catch (SecurityException e) {
// throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
// throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return true;
}

到目前为止，蓝牙权限，以及动态权限，蓝牙的打开，关闭，搜索，以及自动配对(特别声明：（自动配对的android设备，版本为5.x，并且已经root,没有root的设备，或者不是android5.x不清楚能否实现自动匹配，因为我只有这个测试设备）。)代码至此结束。

demo代码下载：github

总结

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Android蓝牙通信之搜索蓝牙设备，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对ZaLou.Cn网站的支持！