VBA数据类型Variant - 码农教程

官方文档定义：A special data type that can contain numeric, string, or date data as well as user-defined types and the special values Empty and Null. The Variant data type has a numeric storage size of 16 bytes and can contain data up to the range of a Decimal, or a character storage size of 22 bytes (plus string length), and can store any character text. The VarType function defines how the data in a Variant is treated. All variables become Variant data types if not explicitly declared as some other data type.

我以前一直好奇为什么能有什么数据都可以保存的类型，现在对内存知识有了一定了解才知道，其实说到底，Variant底层也是一种数据结构，16个字节分别会有不同的意义，对于一些VBA里的对象复制给Variant后，也只是保存了它的地址。至于通过地址怎么就能判断出对象的具体类型就不大清楚了！

所以想知道Variant的16个字节具体代表了什么，我们只需要让它保存不同的数据类型，然后查看16个字节的变化就可以了。

Variant16字节是如何分配的？

前8字节 b0：标识数据类型（也就是VarType返回的数字） b1：标识后8字节是数据还是指针 - 0x00 8-15数据类型的是数据本身，String是地址 - 0x40 8-11存的是数据地址，String是地址的地址 - 0x20 8-11存的是数组地址 - 0x60 8-11存的是数组地址的地址
后8字节8-15：数据或地址

Sub TestVariant()
    Dim v As Variant
    Dim i As Byte

    i = &H10
    v = i

    Dim lenth As Long
    lenth = 16

    Dim b() As Byte
    ReDim b(lenth - 1) As Byte

    CopyMemory VarPtr(b(0)), VarPtr(v), lenth
    Printf "VarType(v) = 0x%x, b = 0x% x", VarType(v), b
End Sub

输出：
i定义byte：VarType(v) = 0x11, b = 0x11 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
i定义Integer：VarType(v) = 0x2, b = 0x02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
i定义Long：VarType(v) = 0x3, b = 0x03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
i定义Double：VarType(v) = 0x5, b = 0x05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30 40
i定义String：VarType(v) = 0x8, b = 0x08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 74 02 f3 23 00 00 00 00

b1一直都是0，就算用v = VarPtr(i)，仍然是0，因为VarPtr返回的也是Long，如何才能让b1出现呢？我们知道，VBA里面，函数的传值默认就是byref，所以加1个Function就可以了。

Sub TestVariant()
        Dim i As Byte

        i = &H10
        TestVariantPtr i
    End Sub

    Function TestVariantPtr(v As Variant)
        Dim lenth As Long
        lenth = 16

        Dim b() As Byte
        ReDim b(lenth - 1) As Byte

        CopyMemory VarPtr(b(0)), VarPtr(v), lenth

        Dim ptr As Long
        CopyMemory VarPtr(ptr), VarPtr(b(8)), 4

        Dim Value As Byte
        CopyMemory VarPtr(Value), ptr, 2

        Printf "VarType(v) = 0x%x, b = 0x% x, ptr = 0x%x, Value = %x", VarType(v), b, ptr, Value
    End Function
    输出：
    i、Value定义byte：VarType(v) = 0x11, b = 0x11 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 52 ef 19 00 00 00 00 00, ptr = 0x19efe4, Value = 10
    i、Value定义Integer：VarType(v) = 0x2, b = 0x02 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 52 ef 19 00 00 00 00 00, ptr = 0x19efe4, Value = 10
    i、Value定义Long：VarType(v) = 0x3, b = 0x03 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 50 ef 19 00 00 00 00 00, ptr = 0x19ef50, Value = 10

其他不多演示，注意Dim Value As语句下面的CopyMemory复制字节数和Value类型保持一致。