SQL Server 学习笔记

之前学过一点数据库但由于一直没有使用忘得差不多了，最近重新复习一下相关的知识，把基本的语法YOU又看了一遍，为了强化记忆在写一遍~~~~~~

基本的 select 语句

读取一个表的所有字段

Select * from sales.customer

读取特定字段

Select customerID,Territory fromsales.customer

Where 子句

读取 lastname 是 adams 的记录

Select * from person.contact wherelastname='adams'

运算符： =、>、<、>=、<=、!>、!<、!=

逻辑运算符：and、or、not、between、like、in

读取ModifiedDare 大于2003-1-1 之后的记录

Select * from person.contact whereModifiedDare>'2003-1-1'

读取 lastname 是 adams 并且ModifiedDare 大于2003-1-1 之后的记录

Select * from person.contact wherelastname='adams' and ModifiedDare>'2003-1-1'

读取 lastname 是 adams 或者ModifiedDare 大于2003-1-1 之后的记录

Select * from person.contact wherelastname='adams' or ModifiedDare>'2003-1-1'

读取 lastname 不是 adams 并且ModifiedDare 大于2003-1-1 之后的记录

Select * from person.contact where not(lastname='adams')and ModifiedDare>'2003-1-1'

读取 ModifiedDare大于等于2003-1-1 并且 小于等于 2003-12-31的记录

Select * from person.contact whereModifiedDare>='2003-1-1' and ModifiedDare<='2003-12-31'

读取ModifiedDare 在2003-1-1和2003-12-31之间的记录

Select * from person.contact whereModifiedDare between '2003-1-1' and '2003-12-31'

读取 lastname 中有il (前后可有任意个任意字符) 用like 并用通配符 %

Select * from person.contact where lastnamelike '%il%'

读取 lastname 中有il (前后可有一个任意字符) 用like 并用通配符 _

Select * from person.contact where lastnamelike '_il_'

读取 lastname 中有adams或smith或adina 的记录 用in

Select * from person.contact where lastnamein ('adams','smith','adina')

Order by 子句 (排序)

asc升序(默认) desc降序

读取person.contact 中的所有记录 并modifiedData 降序排序

Select * from person.contact order bymodifiedData desc

读取person.contact 中的所有记录 并modifiedData 降序排序 若modifiedData 相同则按 lastname升序排序

Select * from person.contact order bymodifiedData desc,lastname

Group by 子句 (分组)

聚合函数：count()--返回总数、avg()--计算平均值、min()--计算最小值、max()--计算最大值

返回person.contact表的总数

Select count(*) from person.contact

返回production.product表listprice字段的平均值，取别名 avg_price

Select avg(listprice) avg_price fromproduction.product

返回production.product表listprice字段的最小值、最大值，取别名min_price、max_price

Select min(listprice) min_price,max(listprice)max_price from production.product

把person.contact表按lastname分组，并计算各组总数，取别名qty

Select lastname,count(*) qty fromperson.contact group by lastname

把person.contact表按lastname分组，并计算各组总数，取别名qty，并按lastname排序

Select lastname,count(*) qty fromperson.contact group by lastname order by lastname

把person.contact表按lastname分组，并计算各组总数，取别名qty，并按总数降序排序，相同的按lastname排序

Select lastname,count(*) qty fromperson.contact

group by lastname

order by count(*),lastname

实例：

--INSERT INTO Stores VALUES ('TEST', 'Test Store', '1234 Anywhere Street', 'Here', 'NY', '00319');
/*
INSERT INTO Sales 
 (StoreCode, OrderNumber, OrderDate, Quantity, Terms, TitleID)
VALUES
 ('test','TESTORDER2', '01/01/1991', 10, 'NET 30', 1234567);
*/
--SELECT * FROM Person.Contact INNER JOIN HumanResources.Employee ON Person.Contact.ContactID = HumanResources.Employee.ContactID
--SELECT e.NationalIDNumber  FROM HumanResources.Employee AS e INNER JOIN Person.Contact AS c ON c.ContactID = e.ContactID 
/*
CREATE DATABASE Accounting
ON
(NAME = 'Accounting',
FILENAME = 'D:Program FilesMicrosoft SQL ServerMSSQL10.MSSQLSERVERMSSQLDATAAccountingData.mdf',
SIZE = 10,
MAXSIZE = 50,
FILEGROWTH = 5)
LOG ON
(NAME = 'AccountingLog',
FILENAME = 'D:Program FilesMicrosoft SQL ServerMSSQL10.MSSQLSERVERMSSQLDATAAccountingLog.ldf',
SIZE = 5MB,
MAXSIZE = 25MB,
FILEGROWTH = 5MB);
GO
EXEC sp_helpdb 'Accounting'
EXEC sp_help
*/
/*
USE Accounting
 CREATE TABLE Customers
 (
 CustomerNo int IDENTITY NOT NULL,
 CustomerName varchar(30)  NOT NULL,
 Address1 varchar(30)  NOT NULL,
 Adress2 varchar(30)  NOT NULL,
 City varchar(20)  NOT NULL,
 State char(2)  NOT NULL,
 Zip varchar(10)  NOT NULL,
 Contact varchar(25)  NOT NULL,
 Phone varchar(15)  NOT NULL,
 FedIDNo varchar(9)  NOT NULL,
 DateInSystem smalldatetime  NOT NULL
 );
 EXEC sp_help 
*/
USE Accounting
CREATE TABLE Employees
(
EmployeeID int IDENTITY NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(25)  NOT NULL,
MiddleInitial varchar(1)  NULL,
LastName varchar(25)  NOT NULL,
Title varchar(25)  NOT NULL,
SSN varchar(11)  NOT NULL,
Salary money  NOT NULL,
PriorSalary money  NOT NULL,
LastRaise AS Salary - PriorSalary,
HireDate date  NOT NULL,
TerminationDate date  NULL,
ManagerEmpID int  NOT NULL,
Department varchar(25)  NOT NULL
)
--EXEC sp_help Employees
 EXEC sp_helpdb Accounting