android自定义属性
1、引言
对于自定义属性,大家肯定都不陌生,遵循以下几步,就可以实现:
- 自定义一个CustomView(extends View )类
- 编写values/attrs.xml,在其中编写styleable和item等标签元素
- 在布局文件中CustomView使用自定义的属性(注意namespace)
- 在CustomView的构造方法中通过TypedArray获取
ps:如果你对上述几个步骤不熟悉,建议先熟悉下,再继续~
那么,我有几个问题:
- 以上步骤是如何奏效的?
- styleable 的含义是什么?可以不写嘛?我自定义属性,我声明属性就好了,为什么一定要写个styleable呢?
- 如果系统中已经有了语义比较明确的属性,我可以直接使用嘛?
- 构造方法中的有个参数叫做
AttributeSet
(eg: MyTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) )这个参数看名字就知道包含的是参数的数组,那么我能不能通过它去获取我的自定义属性呢? - TypedArray是什么鬼?从哪冒出来的,就要我去使用?
恩,针对这几个问题,大家可以考虑下,如何回答呢?还是说:老子会背上述4个步骤就够了~~
2、常见的例子
接下来通过例子来回答上述问题,问题的回答顺序不定~~大家先看一个常见的例子,即上述几个步骤的代码化。
- 自定义属性的声明文件
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> <span class="hljs-pi" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">declare-styleable</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"test"</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">attr</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"text"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">format</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"string"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">attr</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"testAttr"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">format</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"integer"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">declare-styleable</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul>
- 自定义View类
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">package</span> com.example.test;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.content.Context;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.content.res.TypedArray;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.util.AttributeSet;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.util.Log;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.view.View;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MyTextView</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">View</span> {</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> String TAG = MyTextView.class.getSimpleName();
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">MyTextView</span>(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>(context, attrs);
TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.test);
String text = ta.getString(R.styleable.test_testAttr);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> textAttr = ta.getInteger(R.styleable.test_text, -<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>);
Log.e(TAG, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"text = "</span> + text + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">" , textAttr = "</span> + textAttr);
ta.recycle();
}
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li></ul>
- 布局文件中使用
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">RelativeLayout</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">xmlns:android</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">xmlns:tools</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"http://schemas.android.com/tools"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">xmlns:zhy</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.test"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span> ></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">com.example.test.MyTextView
</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"100dp"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"200dp"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">zhy:testAttr</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"520"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">zhy:text</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"helloworld"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">RelativeLayout</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li></ul>
ok,大家花3s扫一下,运行结果为:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> MyTextView: text = helloworld , textAttr = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">520</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
应该都不意外吧,注意下,我的styleable的name写的是test,所以说这里并不要求一定是自定义View的名字。
3、AttributeSet与TypedArray
下面考虑:
构造方法中的有个参数叫做
AttributeSet
(eg: MyTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) )这个参数看名字就知道包含的是参数的集合,那么我能不能通过它去获取我的自定义属性呢?
首先AttributeSet
中的确保存的是该View声明的所有的属性,并且外面的确可以通过它去获取(自定义的)属性,怎么做呢?
其实看下AttributeSet
的方法就明白了,下面看代码。
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">MyTextView</span>(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>(context, attrs);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> count = attrs.getAttributeCount();
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>; i < count; i++) {
String attrName = attrs.getAttributeName(i);
String attrVal = attrs.getAttributeValue(i);
Log.e(TAG, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"attrName = "</span> + attrName + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">" , attrVal = "</span> + attrVal);
}
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// ==>use typedarray ...</span>
}
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul>
输出:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">MyTextView(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4136</span>): attrName = layout_width , attrVal = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">100.0</span>dip
MyTextView(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4136</span>): attrName = layout_height , attrVal = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">200.0</span>dip
MyTextView(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4136</span>): attrName = text , attrVal = helloworld
MyTextView(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4136</span>): attrName = testAttr , attrVal = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">520</span>
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
结合上面的布局文件,你发现了什么?
我擦,果然很神奇,真的获得所有的属性,恩,没错,通过AttributeSet
可以获得布局文件中定义的所有属性的key和value(还有一些方法,自己去尝试),那么是不是说TypedArray这个鬼可以抛弃了呢?答案是:NO!
。
现在关注下一个问题:
TypedArray是什么鬼?从哪冒出来的,就要我去使用?
我们简单修改下,布局文件中的MyTextView的属性。
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">com.example.test.MyTextView
</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@dimen/dp100"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@dimen/dp200"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">zhy:testAttr</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"520"</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">zhy:text</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@string/hello_world"</span> /></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
现在再次运行的结果是:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">MyTextView(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4692</span>): attrName = layout_width , attrVal = @<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2131165234</span>
MyTextView(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4692</span>): attrName = layout_height , attrVal = @<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2131165235</span>
MyTextView(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4692</span>): attrName = text , attrVal = @<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2131361809</span>
MyTextView(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4692</span>): attrName = testAttr , attrVal = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">520</span>
>>use typedarray
MyTextView(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4692</span>): text = Hello world! , textAttr = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">520</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>
发现了什么?通过AttributeSet
获取的值,如果是引用都变成了@+数字的字符串。你说,这玩意你能看懂么?那么你看看最后一行使用TypedArray获取的值,是不是瞬间明白了什么。
TypedArray
其实是用来简化我们的工作的,比如上例,如果布局中的属性的值是引用类型(比如:@dimen/dp100),如果使用AttributeSet
去获得最终的像素值,那么需要第一步拿到id,第二步再去解析id。而TypedArray正是帮我们简化了这个过程。
贴一下:如果通过AttributeSet
获取最终的像素值的过程:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> widthDimensionId = attrs.getAttributeResourceValue(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>, -<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>);
Log.e(TAG, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"layout_width= "</span>+getResources().getDimension(widthDimensionId));
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
ok,现在别人问你TypedArray存在的意义,你就可以告诉他了。
4、declare-styleable
我们已经解决了两个问题,接下来,我们看看布局文件,我们有一个属性叫做:zhy:text
。
总所周知,系统提供了一个属性叫做:android:text
,那么我觉得直接使用android:text
更nice,这样的话,考虑问题:
如果系统中已经有了语义比较明确的属性,我可以直接使用嘛?
答案是可以的,怎么做呢?
直接在attrs.xml中使用android:text
属性。
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">declare-styleable</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"test"</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">attr</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"android:text"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">attr</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"testAttr"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">format</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"integer"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">declare-styleable</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>
注意,这里我们是使用已经定义好的属性,不需要去添加format
属性(注意声明和使用的区别,差别就是有没有format)。
然后在类中这么获取:ta.getString(R.styleable.test_android_text)
;布局文件中直接android:text="@string/hello_world"
即可。
这里提一下,系统中定义的属性,其实和我们自定义属性的方式类似,你可以在sdk/platforms/android-xx/data/res/values
该目录下看到系统中定义的属性。然后你可以在系统提供的View(eg:TextView)的构造方法中发现TypedArray获取属性的代码(自己去看一下)。
ok,接下来,我在想,既然declare-styleable
这个标签的name都能随便写,这么随意的话,那么考虑问题:
styleable 的含义是什么?可以不写嘛?我自定义属性,我声明属性就好了,为什么一定要写个styleable呢?
其实的确是可以不写的,怎么做呢?
- 首先删除declare-styleable的标签
那么现在的attrs.xml为:
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-pi" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">attr</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"testAttr"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">format</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"integer"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">resources</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>
哟西,so清爽~ * MyTextView实现
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">package</span> com.example.test;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.content.Context;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.content.res.TypedArray;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.util.AttributeSet;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.util.Log;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.view.View;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MyTextView</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">View</span> {</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> String TAG = MyTextView.class.getSimpleName();
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>[] mAttr = { android.R.attr.text, R.attr.testAttr };
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> ATTR_ANDROID_TEXT = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> ATTR_TESTATTR = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">MyTextView</span>(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>(context, attrs);
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// ==>use typedarray</span>
TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, mAttr);
String text = ta.getString(ATTR_ANDROID_TEXT);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> textAttr = ta.getInteger(ATTR_TESTATTR, -<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//输出 text = Hello world! , textAttr = 520</span>
Log.e(TAG, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"text = "</span> + text + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">" , textAttr = "</span> + textAttr);
ta.recycle();
}
}
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li></ul>
貌似多了些代码,可以看到我们声明了一个int数组,数组中的元素就是我们想要获取的attr的id。并且我们根据元素的在数组中的位置,定义了一些整形的常量代表其下标,然后通过TypedArray
进行获取。
可以看到,我们原本的:
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">R.styleable.test => mAttr
R.styleable.test_text => ATTR_ANDROID_TEXT(0)
R.styleable.test_testAttr => ATTR_TESTATTR(1)</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
那么其实呢?android在其内部也会这么做,按照传统的写法,它会在R.java生成如下代码:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">attr</span> {</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> testAttr=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0x7f0100a9</span>;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">styleable</span> {</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> test_android_text = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> test_testAttr = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>[] test = {
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0x0101014f</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0x7f0100a9</span>
};
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li></ul>
ok,根据上述你应该发现了什么。styleale的出现系统可以为我们完成很多常量(int[]数组,下标常量)等的编写,简化我们的开发工作(想想如果一堆属性,自己编写常量,你得写成什么样的代码)。那么大家肯定还知道declare-styleable
的name属性,一般情况下写的都是我们自定义View的类名。主要为了直观的表达,该declare-styleable
的属性,都是改View所用的。
其实了解该原理是有用的,详见:Android 自定义控件 优雅实现元素间的分割线
ok,现在5个问题,回答了4个,第一个问题:
自定义属性的几个步骤是如何奏效的?
恩,上述以及基本涵盖了这个问题的答案,大家自己总结,所以:略。
总结下今天的博客。
- attrs.xml里面的declare-styleable以及item,android会根据其在R.java中生成一些常量方便我们使用(aapt干的),本质上,我们可以不声明declare-styleable仅仅声明所需的属性即可。
- 我们在View的构造方法中,可以通过
AttributeSet
去获得自定义属性的值,但是比较麻烦,而TypedArray
可以很方便的便于我们去获取。 - 我们在自定义View的时候,可以使用系统已经定义的属性。
近期的更新计划:自定义View的一些细节相关的Blog(重点会在交互上),Android最佳实践相关的文章,framework相关的一些文章,敬请期待。
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